NTA Robotics Safety and Systems Review

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• Axis limits serve to keep the robot within predefined travel ranges to prevent over-travel.
• In risk analysis, what is a fault tree analysis and when is it used?
• The Mechanical Unit is a component of the FANUC robot system.
• Power cycling using the iPendant is a recommended practice.
• Which methods constitute energy isolation in robot systems?
• What is safe speed in robotic safeguarding, and how is it implemented?
• Over-travel limit switches or physical hard stops should be set for robot axes to contact two to three degrees beyond the axis software limits.
• Which of the following is a reason the operating range of the robot axes may need to be restricted?
• The maintenance team member is responsible for verifying that the required safeguards are in place and operational before each shift begins.
• Pendants used inside safeguarded space must be equipped with an enabling switch or function.
• You can only start the robot in AUTO when the pendant is turned off.
• When jogging in T1 Test mode, the front door safety switch is monitored.
• A robot described as six-axis has how many joints contributing to movement?
• Which joint is commonly used as an orientation axis in a typical six-axis robot?
• Which standards apply to industrial robot safety?
• An encoder senses the angle of the motor shaft and converts the angle to a digital code.
• How does PFL differ from STO in cobot safety?
• A robot work cell may include external devices that interact with the robot during normal operation.
• What is a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) target and how is it determined?
• Which statement best describes a fail-safe behavior in robotics?
• Which statement is true about the relationship between a six-axis robot and its movement?
• Which device uses beams of light between a transmitter and receiver to protect personnel from entering the restricted area?
• During the teaching process the robot speed should never exceed 250 mm per second.
• The total space in which the robot can move without restrictions is known as:
• On the FANUC robot, the statement 'only Axes 1, 3, and 5 servo motors have serial pulse encoders' is true.
• In risk assessment, what does residual risk mean?
• Regarding software or firmware-based controllers as primary safety elements, which statement is accurate?
• What happens when a safety system is fail-safe and a fault occurs?
• The FANUC Software, working with the robot and controller, allows you to display and monitor process information.
• Can a light curtain be used as a primary safeguard to stop robot motion if a person enters the guarded zone?
• Why is clearance and access control essential in robotic work cells?
• Which best describes what a risk assessment report should include?
• The Standard Operators Panel (SOP) is a user interface that provides access to basic robot functions and indicators of robot operation.
• Which statement best describes presence sensing as a protective measure?
• Safeguards must be established for which operations in a robot system?
• Axis motor brakes can be replaced only together with the axis motor.
• Which item is commonly considered part of the robot controller's domain?
• What are the core elements of a Robot Safety Plan?
• The controller directs the operation and motion of the robot but is not responsible for communication with external devices.
• Which description best captures the difference between verification and validation in the safety lifecycle?
• You can never rely on software or firmware-based controllers as the primary safety element.
• The axis motor brake is normally released electrically and applied mechanically.
• Which factor is most directly supported by the inclusion of operational experience in a safety case?
• Axis limits found in the controller help to define the motion range of the robot using the controller software.
• What is a key way a vision system contributes to safety in a robot cell?
• During jogging, the joint speed limit is 10% of maximum joint speed.
• Are FANUC robot axes driven by servo motors?
• What content does a safety case typically contain?
• The robot must always be powered down during inspection.
• Why is regular maintenance important for safety systems in robotics?
• The dead-man switch is required to change between controller operation modes.
• It is permissible to enter a robot work cell when the robot is running in automatic as long as a safe working distance is kept from the moving robot.
• Which sequence best represents the typical phases of the functional safety lifecycle?
• What is a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) and how does it relate to SIL?
• Pulse encoder counts are retained by battery backup when the robot power is turned off.
• Which device physically separates personnel from the robot's work envelope?
• What is a Safety Certificate or Safety Case?
• Which power cycling method allows installation of options and updates to the controller?
• What is the purpose of floor markings in a robot work area?
• The FANUC controller supports up to how many motion groups?
• What factors are used to calculate the safe stopping distance for a robot?
• Which of the following lists are common protective measures found in robotic cells?
• The home position is typically the endpoint for a robot program.
• Limiting the robot's movement using limiting devices creates which of the following?
• During T1 cartesian jogging, the Cartesian speed limit is 250 mm/s.
• How should cyber security be addressed in robotics safety?
• All robot systems are the same; therefore safety systems can be universal from one robot system to the next.
• What is an interlock in safeguarding and its function?
• Guarding in robot safety refers to what?
• What is a proof test and why is it necessary?
• What is the role of Safety Validation and Verification (V&V) in the safety lifecycle?
• Which of the following is not a component of the Dual Safety Check (DCS) system?
• How is the target SIL determined for a Safety Instrumented Function?
• Which function is a responsibility of the Handling Tool Application software loaded in the robot controller?
• In Auto mode, is the front door safety switch monitored?
• In prioritizing the safety of a robotic system, which item is ranked first?
• Which statement best describes functional safety in robotics?
• To maximize personal safety in a robot environment, the user must ensure the robot installation follows the installation guidelines of the robot safety standard.
• Using the FANUC controller power cycle via the iPendant minimizes the risk of damaging the controller's PCBs.
• The FANUC controller supports up to eight motion groups.
• If you must enter the work envelope of a robot, the teach pendant should be turned off to keep the robot from moving.
• What is energy isolation and how is it applied in robot systems?
• The operator must press the dead-man switch to change between the controller operation modes.
• Which device is used to cycle power to the FANUC controller?
• Mechanical hard stops can be used to set the restrictive space of a working robot.
• In robot safety, guarding primarily refers to what?
• The robot work cell may include external devices that interact with the robot during normal operation.
• Safety fences are a safety feature commonly used in robot installations.
• What does lockout/tagout (LOTO) accomplish during robot maintenance?
• The Controlled Start Method of cycling the power on the controller allows you to install options and updates to the controller.
• Which statement best differentiates risk reduction by design from administrative controls?
• Point of operation hazards are usually a function of the robot end-effector.
• A motion group is a group of programs in the controller that work together to perform motion.
• What role do training and competence play in maintaining robot safety?
• The Serial Pulse Encoder's data packet sent to the controller includes motor thermal status.
• After making changes or having incident findings, what should be done with the risk assessment?
• Non-routine operations require what action in risk assessment?
• Which of the following is NOT an element of Safety Related Parts of the Control System (SRP/CS)?
• What is the primary purpose of redundancy in safety-critical robot systems?
• What is non-routine operation and how does it affect risk assessment?
• Which practice is most essential when testing a program for the first time?
• The FANUC DCS Position/Speed check features need additional external sensors to monitor speed and position.
• How should incident reporting and learning be handled in robotics safety programs?
• In a robot system, the pendant e-stop is the only required e-stop.
• What is 'SSM' and why is it critical for cobots?
• A good safety practice to keep the robot safe during operation is to ensure the program ends with the robot at or near the home position.
• Why is maintaining safety software important in robots?
• The FANUC controller supports up to eight motion groups.
• What is a risk assessment report and what should it include?
• A barrier height is specified to cover from 12 to 60 inches off the floor as a minimum.
• What is verification & validation in safety software?
• The restrictive space and the operating space always refer to the same space.
• How is human-robot collaboration defined and what safety implications does it have?
• What is a safe work envelope in robotics?
• Which term describes the capability of a safety function to detect faults within a system?
• The axis motor brakes can be replaced without replacing the axis motor.
• When a presence sensing device stops the motion of a robot, it can be reset automatically by the PLC instead of a deliberate reset by the operator.
• Which statement most accurately describes a function of the minor axes?
• The end-effector on the robot arm is always a gripper.
• What are the three core steps of hazard identification and risk assessment in robotics safety according to ISO 12100?
• Which standard family governs the reliability targets for SIFs?
• The FANUC DCS System can be relied on as the primary safety element because it meets ISO 13849-1 by a notarized body.
• What primarily influences the determination of a SIL target for a safety function?
• What constitutes a 'safe state' in a robot safety system?
• The controller is responsible for converting program data into servo drive signals.
• In safety-critical software development, why is verification important?
• The pulse encoder sends only motor speed information to the controller.
• Dual Safety Check (DCS) includes Emergency Stop Control.
• The restrictive space for a robot can be changed for different applications.
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective emergency stop device?
• A six axis robot has 6 degrees of freedom.
• When the mode select switch is set to auto, you can start programs using the teach pendant.
• What is the purpose of a risk matrix in safety analysis?
• In SRP/CS safety functions, which statement correctly contrasts diagnostic coverage with the proof test interval?
• In Auto mode, the safety fence is monitored.
• Which item is NOT considered a core FANUC robot system component?
• Two-hand control and presence sensing are protective measures. Which statement is true?
• Which statement about residual risk after protective measures is correct?
• The serial pulse encoder pulse count is stored at each SPC and maintained by batteries found at the base of the robot.
• Which item is NOT considered a core component of the FANUC robot system?
• The maximum speed during teaching is 250 mm per second.
• During jogging, Cartesian speed is measured in millimeters per second and joint speed is measured as a percent of maximum joint speed.
• What safety feature prevents robot motion when a guard gate is open?
• Which device is used to cycle power to the controller to minimize PCB damage?
• Which of the following is not typically considered a safeguarding measure in a robot cell?
• Deadman switches are used in conjunction with other safety devices to supply servo power.
• Which device is designed to interrupt machine operation when pressure is applied?
• The controller converts program data into servo drive signals.
• What is diagnostic coverage in safety-related systems?
• Which option provides a physical limit to robot movement not relying on software?
• How does guarding by location differ from guarding by distance?
• The work envelope is defined as the maximum reach of the robot.
• The major axes are responsible for defining the location of the frames of motion.
• Interlocks are defined as
• Motion limits are physical limitations set up to limit joint motions.
• Which statement best describes a typical controller function?
• What is the function of a Safe Torque Off (STO) in robot safety?
• The work envelope is the area defined by the maximum motion range of the robot, excluding any tooling attached to the wrist flange that extends this range.
• Which practice is a key aspect of secure design in robotics safety?
• A stop from a presence sensing device should always be reset manually by an operator.
• Which practice helps ensure safe testing of a new robot program?
• What is Hazardous Motion and how is it mitigated in robot safety?
• What does SRP/CS stand for, in the context of robot safety?
• Ending a robot program near the home position is a good safety practice.
• Warning lights are set up to alert personnel to danger or to alert the operator to a change in machine status.
• What is the primary purpose of maintaining a defined safe work envelope?
• What does the proof test interval specify in safety functions?
• Using limiting devices restricts the robot's movement to a defined space.
• Which standard provides guidance on collaborative robots and human-robot interactions?
• In risk assessment, what does risk estimation involve?
• It is permissible to enter a robot work cell when the robot is running in automatic as long as a safe working distance is kept from the moving robot.
• Which device is used to detect human presence in the guarded space?
• The barrier must cover an area from 12 to 60 inches off the floor as a minimum.
• The robot work cell includes the robot and any external devices that interact with it during normal operation.
• The manufacturer or re-manufacturer of a robot system is responsible to uphold safety for potential future workers who will work on the robot system.
• During T1 cartesian jogging, the correct speed pair is cartesian speed 250 mm/s and joint speed 10% of max.
• Describe a typical safety lifecycle stage: design, installation, operation, maintenance.
• The restrictive space and the operating space always refer to the same space in a robot's work environment.
• Using a low override speed decreases the operator's control over the robot when jogging the robot.
• Which activity is typically included in risk assessment within a safety case?
• Dual Check Safety (DCS) monitors position information to control the robot speed and work envelope.
• Personnel required to perform attended program verification must have single point control of the robot system.
• What is the purpose of setting an over-travel margin beyond the software limits?
• The space in which the robot performs its function after restrictions are implemented is called what?
• The safety handshaking protocol used to synchronize the robot and external devices during operation falls under which safety hierarchy?
• What should be included in a Safe Operating Procedure for robot cells?
• How can ergonomics influence robot safety in the workplace?
• Which joint moves the base of the robot?
• Which statement about emergency stop devices is correct?
• The robot controller should be located outside the robot's work envelope for easy access.
• Which safety feature is a physical barrier used to secure the robot work area?
• In Auto mode, the front door safety switch is monitored.
• The Hot Start method of cycling the power allows the controller to restart in the same condition it was prior to shutdown.
• The Standard Operators Panel (SOP) allows control of certain basic robot functions and provides indication concerning the robot operation.